Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
An HSM is a standalone dedicated security chip, commonly found in phones' secure elements, laptops' TPM modules, and external hardware keys.
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
10/14/2026
First Seen
Sources
Passkeys 不是陷阱：解读无密码登录的真实争议
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