Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
Pre-training refers to training a base model from scratch on massive amounts of unlabeled text, costing millions of dollars and requiring thousands of GPUs.
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
10/19/2026
First Seen
Sources
Related Entities
Related Claims
VerifiedThe pre-training process of large language models requires thousands of high-end GPUs running in parallel for months, with costs typically ranging from tens of millions to hundreds of millions of dollars.79% similarUnverifiedThe development investment for pre-trained models can reach millions to tens of millions of dollars.74% similarUnverifiedLarge model training cycles last from several months to over a year, with costs starting in the millions of dollars, and once training is complete the knowledge base is fixed and cannot be updated in real time.71% similarUnverifiedFine-tuning costs are typically only one-thousandth to one-ten-thousandth of pre-training costs.70% similarVerifiedFine-tuning requires hundreds to thousands of high-quality training samples, hours of GPU compute time, and ongoing maintenance costs, and the entire process must be repeated whenever knowledge is updated.69% similar
Cite This Claim
Stable URI
https://kongchang.com/claim/1070721API
curl https://kongchang.com/api/v1/knowledge/claims/1070721MCP
get_claim(id=1070721)