Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
Character Error Rate (CER) is defined as the edit distance (insertions + deletions + substitutions) divided by the total number of characters in the reference text; Word Error Rate (WER) is analogous but operates on words.
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
10/22/2026
First Seen
Sources
Related Entities
Related Claims
VerifiedWord Error Rate (WER) is calculated by dividing the sum of substitution, deletion, and insertion errors between the recognition output and the reference text by the total number of words in the reference text.73% similarUnverifiedCER = (S + D + I) / N, where S is substitutions, D is deletions, I is insertions, and N is the total number of characters in the reference answer.71% similarUnverifiedWER is calculated as (number of substituted words + number of deleted words + number of inserted words) / total number of reference words, and is extremely sensitive to text formatting (case, punctuation, abbreviations, spelling variants), so normalization is usually required before evaluation.65% similarUnverified字符计数错误源于Transformer的tokenizer以子词为基本单位处理文本而非字符，是主流LLM的共同短板60% similarUnverifiedField type coercion can silently alter written values, such as when a CRM rounds an incoming float or quietly discards timezone information.59% similar
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