Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
The study compared nine systems on 739 real Italian/English emails (231 unbiased samples and 500 adversarial samples), including keyword rules, TF-IDF+logistic regression, local typed decision models (Tev1, Nimble), a hosted decision model (Nimble v4-max), and hosted generative LLMs (Qwen2.5-7B, Gemma 4 26B/31B).
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10/26/2026
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