Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
观察性研究最常被诟病的问题是混杂变量，观察到的相关关系可能并非因果关系而是由未测量的第三方因素驱动
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
7/8/2026
First Seen
Sources
In Praise of Observational Evidence: When Randomized Controlled Trials Can't Answer Everything
hackernewshackernews7/1/2026
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