Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
1950年代道尔（Richard Doll）与希尔（Austin Bradford Hill）通过大规模病例对照研究和队列研究确立了吸烟与肺癌的因果关系
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
7/8/2026
First Seen
Sources
In Praise of Observational Evidence: When Randomized Controlled Trials Can't Answer Everything
hackernewshackernews7/1/2026
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