Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
Visa 通过 VDMP（Visa Dispute Monitoring Program）、Mastercard 通过 ECM（Excessive Chargeback Merchant program）设定行业监控计划来监控商户退款情况
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
8/28/2026
First Seen
Sources
PaymentKit：多支付商路由账单平台，支付商宕机也能持续收款
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