[KongchangAI]
ConceptCertificate Chain / 信任链

Certificate Chain

A hierarchical digital certificate trust system composed of a root certificate (Root CA), intermediate certificates (Sub-CA/Intermediate CA), and end-entity certificates. Operating systems verify the trustworthiness of software or communications by sequentially validating each node in the chain, tracing trust from the end-entity certificate up through intermediates to a trusted root authority.