Dilution Refrigerator
A device that achieves continuous cooling by exploiting the phase separation of a helium-3 and helium-4 mixture at extremely low temperatures, reaching temperatures in the millikelvin range. It is a key cooling apparatus for quantum computers, superconducting quantum interference devices, and astronomical detectors.
Timeline (last 90 days)
Dilution refrigerators are key cooling devices for equipment such as quantum computers, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), and astronomical detectors, and helium-3 is an irreplaceable working medium in their operation.
Dilution refrigeration technology could only be scaled up after nuclear weapons stockpiles appeared, because the helium-3 produced by tritium decay in nuclear warheads is a key resource required by dilution refrigerators.
Researchers are exploring alternative refrigeration schemes, such as refrigerators using helium-4 or adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, but the performance of these methods at extremely low temperatures still falls short of dilution refrigerators.
Dilution refrigerators are based on the principle that a mixture of helium-3 and helium-4 undergoes phase separation below approximately 870 millikelvin, cooling temperatures to below 10 millikelvin through the absorption of heat as ³He evaporates from the concentrated phase to the dilute phase.
Superconducting qubits must operate in an extremely low-temperature environment of approximately 15 millikelvin (−273.135°C), relying on equipment such as dilution refrigerators.
主流的超导量子计算机需要在约15毫开尔文的接近绝对零度环境中运行
一台商用稀释制冷机的造价通常在100万至500万美元之间
All Facts (7)
Dilution refrigerators are key cooling devices for equipment such as quantum computers, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), and astronomical detectors, and helium-3 is an irreplaceable working medium in their operation.
50%UnverifiedDilution refrigeration technology could only be scaled up after nuclear weapons stockpiles appeared, because the helium-3 produced by tritium decay in nuclear warheads is a key resource required by dilution refrigerators.
50%UnverifiedResearchers are exploring alternative refrigeration schemes, such as refrigerators using helium-4 or adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, but the performance of these methods at extremely low temperatures still falls short of dilution refrigerators.
50%UnverifiedDilution refrigerators are based on the principle that a mixture of helium-3 and helium-4 undergoes phase separation below approximately 870 millikelvin, cooling temperatures to below 10 millikelvin through the absorption of heat as ³He evaporates from the concentrated phase to the dilute phase.
50%UnverifiedSuperconducting qubits must operate in an extremely low-temperature environment of approximately 15 millikelvin (−273.135°C), relying on equipment such as dilution refrigerators.
50%Unverified主流的超导量子计算机需要在约15毫开尔文的接近绝对零度环境中运行
50%Unverified一台商用稀释制冷机的造价通常在100万至500万美元之间
50%