Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
The Kardashev scale was proposed by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev in 1964, classifying civilizations by the magnitude of energy they can harness: a Type I civilization controls planetary-scale energy (about 10^16 watts), Type II controls the energy of a stellar system (about 10^26 watts), and Type III controls the energy of an entire galaxy (about 10^36 watts).
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10/17/2026
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