Person尼古拉·卡尔达肖夫
Nikolai Kardashev
A Soviet astronomer who in 1964 proposed the Kardashev scale, which measures the advancement of a civilization by the magnitude of energy it can harness, becoming a standard yardstick in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence and in futurist discussion.
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Oct 17
The Kardashev scale was proposed by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev in 1964, classifying civilizations by the magnitude of energy they can harness: a Type I civilization controls planetary-scale energy (about 10^16 watts), Type II controls the energy of a stellar system (about 10^26 watts), and Type III controls the energy of an entire galaxy (about 10^36 watts).
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