Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
Google Books项目早期曾大量采用破坏性扫描方法，但通常处理图书馆中有多份副本的普通馆藏而非孤本或稀有版本
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
8/20/2026
First Seen
Sources
Related Claims
UnverifiedThe Google Books library digitization case (Authors Guild v. Google) previously established a precedent that large-scale data indexing can constitute fair use.68% similarUnverifiedThe 2015 Google Books case (Authors Guild v. Google) ruled that digital scanning constitutes fair use on the basis of transformative use.68% similarVerifiedIn Authors Guild v. Google, Google Books' text indexing was ruled to be fair use.66% similarUnverifiedGoogle Scholar覆盖面最广但无法导出结构化检索结果、排序算法不透明，不适合作为SLR的唯一来源63% similarUnverified谷歌凭借YouTube、Google搜索等海量多模态数据资产在多模态赛道上拥有其他实验室难以复制的数据壁垒62% similar
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