Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
do(X=x)算子表示通过外部干预强制设定X=x后Y的分布，切断所有指向X的因果箭头以消除混杂效应，与条件概率P(Y|X=x)有本质区别
1
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50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
8/27/2026
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