Conceptcounterfactual results
Counterfactual Outcome
In causal inference and policy evaluation, an estimate derived from model simulation of what would happen under an alternative strategy. It constitutes directional evidence rather than a precise welfare estimate.
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Oct 28
Counterfactual results refer to estimates obtained from model simulation rather than actual observation; the loss-reduction figures in this paper are counterfactual results rather than field-trial observations.
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