H5N1
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus formed by the combination of hemagglutinin type 5 (H5) and neuraminidase type 1 (N1). It is capable of infecting multiple mammalian species and poses a potential pandemic risk to humans.
Timeline (last 90 days)
In recent years, H5N1 has been detected in more than 70 species of mammals, including cats, dairy cows, foxes, seals, and bears.
In March 2024, H5N1 avian influenza broke out on dairy farms in Texas and surrounding regions of the United States, with cows experiencing sudden loss of appetite and thickened, discolored milk, and cats on the farms developing neurological disorders.
Scientists have identified 18 types of hemagglutinin and 11 types of neuraminidase, with H5N1 being the combination of hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1.
The H5N1 that broke out on U.S. dairy farms in 2024 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4b.
Between 2020 and 2022, clade 2.3.4.4b of H5N1 spread rapidly across the globe, demonstrating an unprecedented breadth of host range.
Some H5N1 isolates have been found to carry the PB2 E627K genetic mutation associated with mammalian adaptation, which is believed to help the virus replicate more efficiently at the lower body temperatures of mammals.
In 2011, two research teams from the Netherlands and the United States successfully engineered the H5N1 avian influenza virus to enable airborne transmission between mammals.
All Facts (9)
2011年，荷兰科学家Ron Fouchier和美国科学家Yoshihiro Kawaoka分别独立发现了使H5N1获得雪貂间气溶胶传播能力所需的关键突变组合
90%Unverified禽流感病毒H5N1中HA蛋白受体结合域的Q226L和G228S位点突变可将病毒的受体偏好性从禽类型转变为人类型
65%UnverifiedIn 2011, two research teams from the Netherlands and the United States successfully engineered the H5N1 avian influenza virus to enable airborne transmission between mammals.
60%UnverifiedBetween 2020 and 2022, clade 2.3.4.4b of H5N1 spread rapidly across the globe, demonstrating an unprecedented breadth of host range.
50%UnverifiedSome H5N1 isolates have been found to carry the PB2 E627K genetic mutation associated with mammalian adaptation, which is believed to help the virus replicate more efficiently at the lower body temperatures of mammals.
50%UnverifiedThe H5N1 that broke out on U.S. dairy farms in 2024 belongs to clade 2.3.4.4b.
50%UnverifiedScientists have identified 18 types of hemagglutinin and 11 types of neuraminidase, with H5N1 being the combination of hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1.
50%UnverifiedIn recent years, H5N1 has been detected in more than 70 species of mammals, including cats, dairy cows, foxes, seals, and bears.
50%UnverifiedIn March 2024, H5N1 avian influenza broke out on dairy farms in Texas and surrounding regions of the United States, with cows experiencing sudden loss of appetite and thickened, discolored milk, and cats on the farms developing neurological disorders.
50%