Unverified50% confidenceFactExact time
U.S. courts have held under the third-party doctrine that information voluntarily disclosed to a third party is not protected by the Fourth Amendment.
1
Sources
50%
Confidence
Long-term
Relevance
9/23/2026
First Seen
Sources
Related Entities
Related Claims
VerifiedThe third-party doctrine originates from Smith v. Maryland (1979), which holds that information voluntarily disclosed to a third party does not enjoy a reasonable expectation of privacy under the Fourth Amendment.76% similarUnverifiedIn trade secret litigation, the plaintiff must prove that the information has independent economic value, that reasonable confidentiality measures have been taken, and that the defendant engaged in misappropriation or unauthorized disclosure—all three elements are indispensable.66% similarUnverified第三方原则源于1979年的Smith v. Maryland案，最高法院裁定电话拨号记录不受第四修正案保护，因为用户自愿将号码信息传递给电信公司65% similarUnverifiedThe Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits the government from conducting unreasonable searches and seizures of citizens, and traditionally requires law enforcement agencies to obtain a court warrant before collecting personal information.65% similarUnverifiedIn 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Van Buren v. United States that merely accessing information one is authorized to access but for an improper purpose does not constitute a violation of the CFAA.64% similar
Cite This Claim
Stable URI
https://kongchang.com/claim/944514API
curl https://kongchang.com/api/v1/knowledge/claims/944514MCP
get_claim(id=944514)